COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
This section includes:
BASICS CONCEPTS
The term computer is derived from the word ‘compute’, this means to calculate. But today's computers are not just calculating devices.Computers are versatile; they are capable of performing varied types of jobs .
The computer stands for :"Common Oriented Machine particularly used for Trade, Education and Research." Basically computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.Computer basically accept information from user and process it and provide output to the user.The information accepted is converted to other form so that it can ne understood by computer.
There are different sizes of computer they are :
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Mini computer
Workstation
Micro
Application of computer-
• Computers are being used in home and workplaces.
• In banking
• In education
• In bussiness, e-commerce, sciencemedical, engineering and medical
CLICK HERE TO SEE MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA
Components of computer
INPUT DEVICE -
Input device is a device which helps a user in inputting data .For example keybord , magnetic-stripe reader, modem, mouse, scanner. Input device convert user data into digital signal that can be processed by computer.
OUTPUT DEVICE-
Output device is a component which display the processed information to the user. For example monitor, plotter, printer, speaker.
CPU-
CPU stands for central processing unit it is brain of ther computer.It process information received by the user and display data on the output device.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
CPU INCLUDE
Memory Unit- The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. All the data and instructions that the computer needs at a moment are stored here.
Control Unit- A control unit or CU is circuitry that directs operations within a computer's processor. It lets the computer's logic unit, memory, as well as both input and output devices know how to respond to instructions received from a program.
Arithmetic logic unit- An arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) is the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units, an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard- Keyboard is an input device having different keys.It include modifier keys, function keys,Control keys.
Mouse- Mouse used to move cursor on the screen.Mouse can be connected with the help of serial port.
Joystick- Joystick is an input device used to move cursor on screen but is different from mouse.
Light pen- Light pen is an input device used to point data on the screen as well as mobile.
Trackball- Track ball is an input device used in notebook and laptops.
OMR- OMR stands for optical marker reader used to read human marked data from an document.It gather data from the document and feed it in the system.
OCR-OCR stands for optical character recognition used to read printed data.It scan text then convert it in other form so that it is understood by machine.
MICR- MICR stands for magnetic ink character recognition it is used in banks for reading information appreared im the bottom of the cheque.
Scanner- Scanner is used to to scan documents it convert document or any image into digital form.Scanner is connected through parallel port.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Monitor- Monitor display processed information.It is an output device which is also called as visual display unit.
Printer- Printer is an output device used to produce hardcopy of any document.
Printer are of two types:
IMPACT PRINTER- For example Dot matrix, daisy wheel printers.
NON IMPACT PRINTER- For example Laser, thermal, inkjet printers.
Impact printer print character by striking them on ribbion while non impact printer uses laser, electrostatic, chemical technology for printing.
Plotter-Plotter is an output device used to print vector graphics they are usually used to print to paper which is very large in size.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
Elements of computer
Computer consist of two major elements-
Software
Hardware
HARDWARE- Computer hardware is the collection of physical components that constitute a computer system such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card, motherboard.Hardware can be defined in such a way that can be touched ie physical components.
SOFTWARE- Software is set of instructions given to the computer to solve a task or a problem software is also called program.Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system.
Types of Software:-
1)System Software:-System software are those software which we can used to control the system and also used for run applications. System software such as operating system and Utilities such as backup software , antivirus software and disk tools.
Example:-Operating system such as DOS,Unix etc.
2)Application Software:-Application software are those software which are designed to perform a specific task such as Ms PowerPoint used for presentation other examples are tally,payroll, ms word .It also include web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Opera.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER
GENERATIONS YEARS
First Generation 1940-1956
Second Generation 1956-1963
Third Generation 1963-1971
Fourth generation 1971-present
Fifth generation present-beyond
First Generation -(1940-1956) -Vacuum Tubes
The first computers uses vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.First generation computers uses machine language.UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are example of first generation computers.
Second Generation -(1956-1963) -Transistors
The second generation computer uses transistors.The use of transistors make the computer look smaller, faster and efficient.Second generation computer uses assembly language.The examples of second generation computers are IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 etc.
Third Generation -(1964-1971) -Integrated Circuits
The third generation computer uses IC's.The computer became smaller in size, faster, more reliable and less expensive.The examples of third generation computers are IBM 370, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108 and UNIVAC AC 9000 etc.
Fourth Generation- (1971-Present) -Microprocessors
The fourth generation computer used microprocessor. The technology of IC improved and the use of LSI and VLSI started.The size of computer reduced and it become efficient.The examples of fourth generation computers are Apple Macintosh & IBM PC.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
Fifth Generation- (Present and Beyond) -Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
CLICK here to read MONETARY policy in india
Shortcut keys
SHORTCUT KEYS DESCRIPTION
Ctrl+Del Move to right of the cursor
Ctrl+Backspace Move to left of the cursor
Ctrl+Home Move the cursor to beginning of document
Ctrl+End Move the cursor to end of document
Ctrl+Leftarrow Move one word to the left
Ctrl+Rightarrow Move one word to the right
Ctrl+Uparrow Move to beginning of line or paragraph
Ctrl+Downarrow Move to end of line or paragraph
Ctrl+] Increase by 1pt selected font
Ctrl+[ Decrease by 1pt selected font
Ctrl+Shift+> Increase selected font 1pt-12pt
Ctrl+Shift+< Decrease selected font 1pt-12pt
F1 Help
F2 Move text and graphic
F4 Redo last action
F5 Choose Go To command
F7 Spelling
F8 Extend the selection
F9 Update the selected field
F12 Save as
This section includes:
- Computer and its components
- INPUT and OUTPUT Devices
- Computer and its elements
- Generations of computer
- Shortcut k
BASICS CONCEPTS
The term computer is derived from the word ‘compute’, this means to calculate. But today's computers are not just calculating devices.Computers are versatile; they are capable of performing varied types of jobs .
The computer stands for :"Common Oriented Machine particularly used for Trade, Education and Research." Basically computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.Computer basically accept information from user and process it and provide output to the user.The information accepted is converted to other form so that it can ne understood by computer.
There are different sizes of computer they are :
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Mini computer
Workstation
Micro
Application of computer-
• Computers are being used in home and workplaces.
• In banking
• In education
• In bussiness, e-commerce, sciencemedical, engineering and medical
CLICK HERE TO SEE MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA
Components of computer
INPUT DEVICE -
Input device is a device which helps a user in inputting data .For example keybord , magnetic-stripe reader, modem, mouse, scanner. Input device convert user data into digital signal that can be processed by computer.
OUTPUT DEVICE-
Output device is a component which display the processed information to the user. For example monitor, plotter, printer, speaker.
CPU-
CPU stands for central processing unit it is brain of ther computer.It process information received by the user and display data on the output device.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
CPU INCLUDE
Memory Unit- The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. All the data and instructions that the computer needs at a moment are stored here.
Control Unit- A control unit or CU is circuitry that directs operations within a computer's processor. It lets the computer's logic unit, memory, as well as both input and output devices know how to respond to instructions received from a program.
Arithmetic logic unit- An arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) is the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units, an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard- Keyboard is an input device having different keys.It include modifier keys, function keys,Control keys.
Mouse- Mouse used to move cursor on the screen.Mouse can be connected with the help of serial port.
Joystick- Joystick is an input device used to move cursor on screen but is different from mouse.
Light pen- Light pen is an input device used to point data on the screen as well as mobile.
Trackball- Track ball is an input device used in notebook and laptops.
OMR- OMR stands for optical marker reader used to read human marked data from an document.It gather data from the document and feed it in the system.
OCR-OCR stands for optical character recognition used to read printed data.It scan text then convert it in other form so that it is understood by machine.
MICR- MICR stands for magnetic ink character recognition it is used in banks for reading information appreared im the bottom of the cheque.
Scanner- Scanner is used to to scan documents it convert document or any image into digital form.Scanner is connected through parallel port.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Monitor- Monitor display processed information.It is an output device which is also called as visual display unit.
Printer- Printer is an output device used to produce hardcopy of any document.
Printer are of two types:
IMPACT PRINTER- For example Dot matrix, daisy wheel printers.
NON IMPACT PRINTER- For example Laser, thermal, inkjet printers.
Impact printer print character by striking them on ribbion while non impact printer uses laser, electrostatic, chemical technology for printing.
Plotter-Plotter is an output device used to print vector graphics they are usually used to print to paper which is very large in size.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
Elements of computer
Computer consist of two major elements-
Software
Hardware
HARDWARE- Computer hardware is the collection of physical components that constitute a computer system such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card, motherboard.Hardware can be defined in such a way that can be touched ie physical components.
SOFTWARE- Software is set of instructions given to the computer to solve a task or a problem software is also called program.Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system.
Types of Software:-
1)System Software:-System software are those software which we can used to control the system and also used for run applications. System software such as operating system and Utilities such as backup software , antivirus software and disk tools.
Example:-Operating system such as DOS,Unix etc.
2)Application Software:-Application software are those software which are designed to perform a specific task such as Ms PowerPoint used for presentation other examples are tally,payroll, ms word .It also include web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Opera.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER
GENERATIONS YEARS
First Generation 1940-1956
Second Generation 1956-1963
Third Generation 1963-1971
Fourth generation 1971-present
Fifth generation present-beyond
First Generation -(1940-1956) -Vacuum Tubes
The first computers uses vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.First generation computers uses machine language.UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are example of first generation computers.
Second Generation -(1956-1963) -Transistors
The second generation computer uses transistors.The use of transistors make the computer look smaller, faster and efficient.Second generation computer uses assembly language.The examples of second generation computers are IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 etc.
Third Generation -(1964-1971) -Integrated Circuits
The third generation computer uses IC's.The computer became smaller in size, faster, more reliable and less expensive.The examples of third generation computers are IBM 370, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108 and UNIVAC AC 9000 etc.
Fourth Generation- (1971-Present) -Microprocessors
The fourth generation computer used microprocessor. The technology of IC improved and the use of LSI and VLSI started.The size of computer reduced and it become efficient.The examples of fourth generation computers are Apple Macintosh & IBM PC.
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
Fifth Generation- (Present and Beyond) -Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
CLICK here to read MONETARY policy in india
Shortcut keys
SHORTCUT KEYS DESCRIPTION
Ctrl+Del Move to right of the cursor
Ctrl+Backspace Move to left of the cursor
Ctrl+Home Move the cursor to beginning of document
Ctrl+End Move the cursor to end of document
Ctrl+Leftarrow Move one word to the left
Ctrl+Rightarrow Move one word to the right
Ctrl+Uparrow Move to beginning of line or paragraph
Ctrl+Downarrow Move to end of line or paragraph
Ctrl+] Increase by 1pt selected font
Ctrl+[ Decrease by 1pt selected font
Ctrl+Shift+> Increase selected font 1pt-12pt
Ctrl+Shift+< Decrease selected font 1pt-12pt
F1 Help
F2 Move text and graphic
F4 Redo last action
F5 Choose Go To command
F7 Spelling
F8 Extend the selection
F9 Update the selected field
F12 Save as
Ctrl+F2 Print preview
Ctrl+F3 Cut on the spike
Ctrl+F6 Open next window
Ctrl+F9 Insert new field empty
Ctrl+F10 Maximize the window
Ctrl+F1 Task panel open
Ctrl+H Replace
Ctrl+Space Row select
Ctrl+A Select whole document whole content of page
COMPUTER NOTES FOR BANKING ASPIRANTS BY PARUL GUPTA CS ENGINEER AND PO IN VIJAYA BANK
Comments
Post a Comment